This post is about how to play adobe flash player. It will mark a significant change in the way I have posted the tech topics now. Being an engineer, I believe it is my duty to share how we engineer process the ideas, use internet and other tips. So a series of post will be there now with this theme. Wikipedia defines adobe flash player as a freeware computer software for viewing multimedia contents, running rich Internet applications, and streaming audio and video content made on the Adobe Flash platform (known as Shockwave Flash in Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Google Chrome). On supported devices, it can function independently or as a browser plug-in within a web browser. The main reason for me writing this post is to share how you can use the flash players like functionality in your laptop. There exists plethora of site which uses flash player. And, after the Adobe ended the support for Flash Player in December 2020, such websites functionality rendered effectively useless.
Why Adobe Flash Player was used?
Adobe Flash Player was the leader when it was on the market. Almost all the sites used it to display back then. It supported multimedia formats like MP3, MPEG4, JPEG, PNG, GIF, FLG. Also, it supports data formats like XML, JSON, AMF and SWF. Several other features were also there but I will refrain from those as the post is not about that. This BBC article says the reason why Adobe ended flash player, “But it was plagued with security problems and failed to transition to the smartphone era. Adobe will no longer offer security updates for Flash and has urged people to uninstall it. It will also stop videos and animations running in its Flash Player from 12 January.” This is just to make the site secure and other security reasons they said.
Alternatives to Adobe Flash Player ?
Well I don’t know why I kept this sub heading. I think I wanted you to know that there exists alternative to adobe flash player but this post is not about alternatives but rather about how you can play multimedia files from websites in your laptop. All this will make sense in next couple section. For this section, some of the well known alternatives are Lightspark, Gnash, Ruffle and Cheerpx.
Reason for writing this post
One of my favorite sites during engineering was Animated Mechanics. This has everything a mechanical engineer would want to learn. Animation of four bar chain, watts engine, different other linkages which I can’t seem to remember now are also there. I will upload some of the animation I was able to play on my laptop for the four bar chain.
Four Bar Chain Linkage Play
Four bar clockwise movement
Coupler Type four bar chain If you are using this video in your site then please give reference to the site.
How to download flash player files from any website?
So if you go to the following page https://www.mekanizmalar.com/fourbar.html, then you won’t find it working. But it works on laptop on the adobe flash player application. I will upload the flash player exe application at the end. This can run all the types of flash player types. Now, let us begin with the section.
Download FireFox browser first. Visit the website from firefox then go to the developer option, press CTRL+ SHIFT+ I keys on your laptop together. You can do quick google search if you are not able to find developer option. Then visit media section and there you will find forubar.swf file. Download it. That’s it! You have downloaded the file now.
How to play flash content in laptop?
Download link for the flash player is here. It is uploaded in linkvertise for secure upload. Follow some extra step and unlock it. Now after it is done, open the exe file. The interface is as below:
Opening Interface of Adobe Flash Player
Now, click on file and open the location where swf file is located and that’s it. You have completed the tutorial I guess. Some series of images I have enjoyed while writing this post are below:
Also, feel free to comment if you faced any difficulty. I am in a good mood, won’t scold.
Checkout our previous post of how to get unlimited free cloud storage by clicking on continue icon.
Hey guys, while I was trying to unlock the bootloader of my redmi 9 pro max, it showed this error (Unknown error 1004). I search about this error on google to find more details & I tried the given solution from different popular forums like xda, reddit etc but the solution didn’t worked. So I tried doing some random stuff by myself to find the possible reason for that error. After 24 hours of testing, I found the exact reason why there was Unknown error 4004.
This error occurs when we don’t put the original SIM card that we used to sign in to our MI account. This error is also known as device verification failed as the SIM card that we used to verify our account is either not inserted or switch to different one.
The above image shows the error we are talking about. While trying to unlock the bootloader, this is the error message I received.
The solution is simple, we have to insert our SIM card that we used before while verifying our MI account.
After I inserted the SIM cards, the error was fixed & the time remaining to unlock the bootloader just showed up. Here is the screenshot of the solution.
The above image confirms that I was able to fix the error.
Now it is time to unlocked a bootloader on my redmi 9 pro max. Moving forward, I clicked on unlock & followed the steps shown.
Bootloader Unlocked ✅
The phone got factory erased. Make sure to back up all of your necessary files & apps before unlocking the bootloader.
If you would like to download MI unlock tool which was used in this article, you can do so by clicking on continue icon.
Welcome back to another post about the Samsung Galaxy. In this post, we will demonstrate how you can flash firmware or stock ROM on your device. There are a lot of reasons why people like you and me want to flash their Samsung devices. The most common reason is due to a network issue, country lock issue, software issue, IMEI issue, or a problem with the latest software update.
In our case, it was a Carrier lock issue. It means that our device was unable to make any phone calls. You can read more about this here.
Before we jump into the steps on how you can flash your Samsung device, it is necessary that you follow certain things.
Backup Device Data
When flashing a stock ROM on a Samsung or any other Android device, the device’s data gets formatted. So it is necessary that we perform a full data backup of everything that is necessary. To backup the device’s data, we can utilize the features provided by Google Drive and Samsung Cloud Storage.
To perform a backup of photos, we suggest using Google Photos, and to perform a backup of notes, calendars, contacts, and applications, we suggest using Samsung’s in-built cloud storage feature.
Similarly, we can backup important documents and files from our internal storage to another device, such as a PC. In our case, we backup the important files to our PC. Simply copy important files and documents into a PC folder.
Because we are familiar with custom recovery like TWRP and Orangefox, we are glad to let you know that you can backup everything on your Android device, including applications, application data, calendar, Operating System, Contacts, Google Accounts, Call logs, messages, etc., using these custom recovery. We can literally backup everything, including the system, except internal storage files. Read more about it on our blog.
Precautions Before Flashing
Battery Health: Make sure your device’s battery is more than 30% because while flashing Samsung, it needs to be rebooted into download mode, which utilizes full screen brightness and can take several minutes. The device also needs battery power during its first reboot. Make sure that the battery is charged to more than 30%.
USB Cable: Make sure you are well equipped with a working USB cable so that while flashing the firmware there is no connection issue between the PC and Samsung device, because if it does have some issues, there is a 95% chance that your device will be soft-brick in the process.
Ensure Complete Backup: Make sure that the backup which you have started is complete. You can also check it on the cloud storage to ensure backup are completed.
How To Flash
Finally, now we can perform the flashing process. To flash Samsung M31, you would need to install Samsung M31 USB drivers. The instructions to install Samsung M31 USB driver are listed below.
Download the Samsung-USB-Driver-v1.7.48.exe file to your Windows computer from here.
To start the installation wizard, just double-click on the.exe file.
Click Next in the installation wizard.
Simply select your country and language, then click Next on the Select language/country screen that appears.
You will be prompted to choose where to install the USB Driver on your Windows PC on the following screen.
The drivers are installed by default in the C > Programme Files > SAMSUNG > USB Drivers directory. If you’d prefer, you can pick a different place.
We advise continuing with the default setting. Click Next once you’ve chosen your decision.
The Samsung USB Driver v1.7.48 will now be installed on your device by the installation wizard.
As soon as the installation is finished, close the installation wizard.
After the installation is successful, enable developer option from your Samsung device by following these steps.
Go to “Settings“
2 Tap “About device” or “About phone“
3 Tap “Software information”
4 Tap “Build number” seven times.
Now go-to developer option and enable USB debugging. After enabling USB debugging, connect your device to PC and it should ask for certain permission. Allow the permission your PC asks from your Android device then you’re ready to flash.
Proceed To Flash
Now here comes the most important steps. Make sure you make no mistakes while following the steps mentioned below because it can soft-brick your Samsung device.
Download latest Stock ROM for your Samsung phone from here. Make sure you download the latest OS based on your country because the Samsung Odin flash tool won’t allow us to flash older version of OS. After downloading the latest firmware, extract it to any folder you find suitable. Here comes the next steps in listed form.
Extract Odin Zip File and double click on odin.exe to open Odin flash tool.
Now, tap on BL and load BL file. Same as for CP, AP, and CSC. You may also have to wait for loading files.
Power off your Samsung device and press volume up + volume down button simultaneously for 3 seconds then connect it to your computer through USB cable.
Your device is now on download mode, if it is not yet then just press volume up button once.
After you connect your Samsung device to PC in download mode by following the steps mentioned above, you will see “Added” text on Odin flash tool. This simply means that your device is recognized and ready to flash.
Click on start at top left corner in Odin flash tool. This will start flashing process and it usually takes 3-5 minutes.
Now simply wait and allow the flashing process to be completed. Once the flashing process is successful, your device will be rebooted automatically.
The above image show the flashing process has begun.
The above shows that the flashing process is complete. It is denoted by “Pass” green text.
We hope that this article was helpful for you in flashing your Samsung device. If you encounter any issue in any of the process, leave us a comment and we will make sure to help you fix the issue.
This post is about how to fix the not registered on network issue on Samsung. We are writing this post because recently our Samsung M31 started acting up. The device was not able to make any calls, even though it had a very decent network connection. It kept saying “not registered on the network”. Also, be careful with the flashing step, which we will discuss later on.
What we tried to fix not registered on network issue
To solve this, we tried many troubleshooting steps provided by Samsung and solutions from the web, but none of them worked out. We even watched many YouTube videos to fix this issue, but 10 out of 9 videos were the same, just with different metadata, and none of them were actually helpful. Clickbait is everywhere on the internet, and tech giants won’t take any measures to control it.
If you’ve experienced this, then you will know that more than 70% of the contents on the internet are clickbait. If anyone from the Tech Giant platform is reading this, then please improve the search engine, or AI will soon take over because most of the sites on the internet are bunches of garbage where the content is copied from each other and phrases are changed to make them undetectable. They do not help users solve the issue but waste their time.
Now coming to the main topic of this post on how to fix the Samsung “Not Registered on Network” issue, We will provide a very straight-forward answer because we know how it feels to roam the internet and notget any solutions.
Fix “Not Registered on Network” on any Samsung
Now if you try to reset network settings, it won’t work, as most of the articles and videos on the internet give the same solution. Factory resetting the Android will also not solve this problem. Neither does restarting the device. The entire web is just full of crap. They will just provide these three simple troubleshooting steps, and they won’t work 99% of the time. Here is what you’ve got to do to fix this issue:
Flash Stock ROM (Your Country)
Now you must be wondering why “Your Country” is mentioned in the above title. We mentioned them because the network issues on Samsung devices occur most of the time because they have a different region or country OS compared to our country’s. Example: If you buy the Samsung from India and use it for the first time outside of India, then the SIM won’t work. It will simply show not registered on network issue again.
It is because, unlike most of the Android phones available in the market, Samsung uses and provides updates to its phones based on their location or country. There are different variants of OS for each country. It was made like this because Samsung phones of the same model in different countries are cheaper, and sellers sell the same phone from one country to another at a cheap price, thus affecting the local market.
There is one additional alternative to prevent this issue from happening to anyone, and that is by inserting the original country or region SIM card and making a phone call for 10 minutes. Then it can be used in any other country. But most of us searching for the solution to this issue can’t do that, so we must flash the original stock ROM of our countries using the Odin tool. We can find stock ROMs based on our countries on this site.
The steps to flash the original stock ROM are already mentioned on the site we mentioned above, and we followed the same steps to flash the original stock ROM. However, we are still going to mention the steps to flash any Samsung using the Odin tool. Here is the list of all steps.
Get Odin: From a reliable source, get the Odin flashing program. The most recent version is advised.
To extract Odin, download the zip file to your computer and extract it into a folder.
Start your Samsung device in Download Mode by simultaneously pressing and holding the Volume Down, Bixby (if applicable), and Power buttons while it is off. To enter Download Mode when the warning screen shows, hit the Volume Up button.
Connect your device to your computer: To link your Samsung gadget to your computer, use a USB cord. Your device should be recognized by Odin, and a “Added!” message should appear in the Odin window.
Fill Odin with firmware files: Depending on the Odin version, choose the “AP” or “PDA” option and choose the firmware file with the.tar or.md5 extension.
You can also choose the BL (Bootloader), CP (Modem), or CSC files if your firmware package contains them in the appropriate slots.
Launch the flashing procedure: To start the flashing, click the “Start” button in Odin. Odin will begin flashing your device with the new firmware. This procedure can take a few minutes.
Watch for completion: When the flashing procedure is finished, Odin will show a “PASS!” message, and your device will restart on its own. During this process, do not unplug your device.
After the flashing process is complete, your device will automatically reboot itself into the system. The first reboot will take around 5 minutes. After the device gets rebooted, set up your Android, and you should be able to use your SIM now. If it still won’t operate, then take it to the mobile shop, and they will fix it for around $5, depending on your location.
Conclusion
Hope it helped your case. Please feel free to comment if you face any issue or need any help.
It can be frustrating to visit websites because of the “site can’t be reached” issue. This problem often occurs when your internet connection is down or when your web browser is acting up. We’ll look at a few solutions to the issue.
This common internet issue might be seen when using your browser. You only need to make a few tiny changes here and there to your operating system and browser to solve this problem.
Rebooting The Router
When faced with a network-related issue, restarting your router should always be your first line of defence. Turning off all of your router’s features and reloading them will allow you to fix minor difficulties with it.
The router can typically be restarted by pushing the Power button. If there isn’t a button on your router, you can turn it on and off using the power outlet switch. By visiting the device’s settings page in your web browser and choosing the reboot option, you may restart some routers.
Once you’ve restarted your network, open your browser again and try to access your websites.
Troubleshoot on Windows
The Windows 10 and 11 operating systems from Microsoft come with a ton of troubleshooters. You can locate and resolve a number of issues on your system with these tools.
Most of the time, these tools operate on their own, so all you need to do is start them and select a few parameters.
By hitting Windows + I, you may access Windows Settings.
In Settings, click Update & Security.
On the left, select Troubleshoot, and on the right, select Additional troubleshooters.
Run the troubleshooter under Internet Connections after choosing that option.
Wait for the troubleshooter to identify and resolve any connection problems.
Disable Firewalls
Your firewall can be preventing you from accessing the website, which is one of the causes of the “This site can’t be reached” Chrome issue. This typically occurs when the firewall marks the website as potentially dangerous.
If you want to be sure, you can disable the firewall on your computer. The following details how to turn off Windows’ Microsoft Defender Firewall:
Open the Start menu, look for Windows Security, then launch the application.
On the app’s home screen, click Firewall & network protection.
Select the network that is marked as (active).
Switch off Microsoft Defender Firewall.
When the User Account Control prompt appears, click Yes.
Reopen Chrome and attempt to access your website.
Checking Anti-virus Security
Your antivirus programme might have identified the website as posing a risk and prevented you from seeing it. You can disable your antivirus programme in this case to see if the issue has been resolved. The ways to turn off antivirus security are listed below.
On your computer, open the Windows Security app.
On the main window of the application, choose Virus & threat protection.
Under the Virus & threat protection settings section, select Manage settings.
Real-time protection can be disabled.
Try relaunching Browser, loading a website, and checking for errors.
Clear Browser Cache
Your browser stores a variety of site items in its cache to improve your overall web browsing experience. Occasionally, this saved data can become inaccurate, causing erratic browser issues.
Your “This site can’t be reached” issue could be due to a corrupt browser cache. You can solve the problem in this case by emptying your browser’s cache. This has no bearing on your browsing history, login sessions, saved passwords, or other data.
Start the browser, click the three dots, and then pick Settings.
Choose Clear browsing data on the right and Privacy and security on the left.
From the drop-down selection for Time range, select All time.
Uncheck every other option, then choose Cached pictures and files.
At the bottom, select Clear data.
Launch the web by restarting the browser again.
Clear DNS Cache
Your computer keeps a DNS cache to help your web browsers quickly convert domain names to IP addresses. On rare occasions, this cache may suffer from damage that prevents your browsers from accessing particular web pages.
Here are the steps on how to clear the DNS cache.
Launch Command Prompt from the Start menu to access the utility.
Ipconfig /flushdns should be entered in the CMD window, followed by the Enter key.
You’ve just cleared your DNS cache!
Try Alternative DNS
The “This site can’t be reached” issue in web could be a result of a DNS server failure on your end. Switching to alternative DNS servers is a good option if this occurs too frequently.
You can switch to OpenDNS’s free DNS servers or Google’s public DNS. Here’s how to modify that on your Windows computer:
To open the Windows Settings menu, press Windows + I.
By selecting Network & Internet, you may access your network options.
Choose Wi-Fi on the left and Adapter options to alter on the right.
Your network adapter’s Properties menu can be accessed by performing a right-click.
After selecting Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) on the list, click Properties.
The setting “following DNS server addresses” needs to be enabled.
Type 208.67.222.222 in the Preferred DNS server field. Put 208.67.220.220 in the Alternate DNS server section.
To finish, click OK.
We hope that this clarifies some confusion and fixes the website can’t be reached error. You can join our email list to receive similar future articles by doing so.
It can be upsetting to lose control of your Android device due to a misplaced screen lock. There are numerous ways to recover access, regardless of the type of lock pattern, PIN, or password. The best three ways to reset your Android handset and resume using it are covered in this blog.
Method 1: Find My Device (Android Device Manager)
Find My Device Information
You may remotely find, lock, or erase your Android device using Google’s Find My Device service. You must have activated Find My Device on your Android phone before being locked out in order to use this approach.
Step 1: Access the Find My Device Website
Visit the Website: Open a web browser on your computer or another device and go to the Find My Device website.
Log In: Sign in with the same Google account that’s linked to your locked Android device.
Step 2: Locate Your Device
Device Location: Once logged in, the Find My Device interface will display a map showing the approximate location of your locked Android device. This feature can be incredibly helpful if you’ve misplaced your phone.
Step 3: Secure Your Device
Lock Your Device: If you’re certain your phone is lost or stolen, you can lock it to protect your data. Click on the “Secure Device” option.
Set a New Lock Screen Password or PIN: You’ll be prompted to enter a new password or PIN for your device. This is the code you’ll use to unlock your phone once you regain access.
Add a Recovery Message and Phone Number: You can add a message with your contact information to the lock screen, which can help someone return your lost phone if found.
Step 4: Unlock Your Device
Unlock with the New Password or PIN: After successfully setting the new lock screen password or PIN, wait for a moment. Then, attempt to unlock your Android device using this new code.
Step 5: Erase Data (if necessary)
Erase Device: If you have reason to believe your device won’t be recovered or if your data security is a primary concern, you can remotely erase all data on your phone using the “Erase Device” option. This should be a last resort, as it permanently deletes all your data.
Method 2: Factory Reset via Recovery Mode
A factory reset through recovery mode can help, however it will erase all of the data on your device, if the Google Account Recovery technique doesn’t work for your device or you’re running a newer version of Android. This is how you do it:
Power Off: Turn off your Android device.
Boot into Recovery Mode: Boot into recovery mode by holding down specific buttons (usually Power + Volume Up/Down) depending on your device model. Check your device’s manual or manufacturer’s website for the specific button combination.
Wipe Data/Factory Reset: In recovery mode, use the volume buttons to navigate and select “Wipe data/factory reset.”
Confirm Reset: Confirm the action, and the device will begin the reset process.
Reboot: Once the reset is complete, select “Reboot system now” to restart your device.
Method 3: Flash Stock Firmware
If the above two methods are unable to fix your problem, then this is probably the last method anyone can use to get back into their Android device. The steps to flash stock firmware to any Android are listed below:
Enable USB Debugging:
On your Android device, navigate to “Settings.”
Scroll down and select “About Phone” or “About Device.”
Find the “Build Number” and tap it multiple times (usually seven) until you see a message indicating that Developer Options are enabled.
Return to the main settings screen, and now you should see “Developer Options.” Open it.
Enable “USB Debugging.”
Boot into Download or Fastboot Mode:
Depending on your device, you may need to enter download mode, fastboot mode, or a similar mode that allows firmware flashing.
The button combination to access this mode varies by device. Common combinations include Volume Down + Power for some devices, while others may require different key combinations. Consult your device’s documentation or online resources for the specific combination.
Connect Your Device to Your Computer:
Use a USB cable to connect your Android device to your computer.
Open the Flashing Tool:
Launch the flashing tool you downloaded and installed earlier on your computer.
Load the Firmware:
In the flashing tool, look for an option to load or select the firmware file you downloaded.
Initiate the Flashing Process:
Follow the on-screen prompts within the flashing tool to commence the flashing process.
This may involve clicking “Start,” “Flash,” or a similar button.
Wait for Completion:
The flashing process may take some time. Do not disconnect your device during this process.
Reboot Your Device:
After the flashing process is complete, your device should typically reboot automatically.
Complete the Setup:
Post-reboot, complete the initial setup process, including restoring your data from the backup you created earlier.
Hello everyone. Hope you are doing well. This post is about how you can get started with building an app on blockchain using Selenium. You might have heard nothing about Selenium, so here’s the official definition:
Selenium Doc
Selenium supports automation of all the major browsers in the market through the use of WebDriver. WebDriver is an API and protocol that defines a language-neutral interface for controlling the behaviour of web browsers. Each browser is backed by a specific WebDriver implementation, called a driver. The driver is the component responsible for delegating down to the browser, and handles communication to and from Selenium and the browser
Getting Started with Selenium and Building Your First Blockchain App
Don’t worry if you’re new to all these – I have tried to keep it in parts and simple and if you ever feel stuck, do comment. We will be happy to help.
Part 1: Getting Started with Selenium Automation
Step 1: Set Up Your Environment
Install Python: If you haven’t already, download and install Python from the official website (https://www.python.org/).
Install Selenium: Open your terminal or command prompt and use the command pip install selenium to install the Selenium package.
Step 2: Choose a Browser Driver
Depending on your preferred browser (Chrome, Firefox, etc.), download the appropriate browser driver. For example, for Chrome, you’ll need ChromeDriver.
Add the driver to your system’s PATH or provide its location in your code (For this, search environment variable in your pc and click on open. Then click on new and add the path)
Step 3: Write Your First Selenium Script
Let's create a simple Selenium script that opens a browser and searches for a keyword on Google:
from selenium import webdriver
# Initialize the browser driver
driver = webdriver.Chrome() # You can use other drivers like Firefox as well
# Open Google
driver.get("https://www.google.com")
# Find the search input element and type a keyword
search_box = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
search_box.send_keys("Selenium automation")
# Submit the search
search_box.submit()
# Close the browser
driver.quit()
Part 2: Building Your First Blockchain App
Blockchain is a distributed and secure digital ledger technology. To start building your first blockchain app, we’ll create a simple implementation using Python and the web3.py library to interact with Ethereum.
Step 1: Set Up Your Environment
Install web3.py: Use the command pip install web3 to install the web3.py library.
Step 2: Create a Simple Blockchain App
Let’s create a basic blockchain app that deploys a simple smart contract and interacts with it:
from web3 import Web3
# Connect to a local Ethereum node (you can use Infura for a remote connection)
w3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider('http://localhost:8545'))
# Define the simple smart contract code
contract_code = """
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
contract HelloWorld {
string public message;
constructor() {
message = "Hello, Blockchain!";
}
function setMessage(string memory newMessage) public {
message = newMessage;
}
}
"""
# Deploy the contract
contract = w3.eth.contract(abi=contract_interface['abi'], bytecode=contract_interface['bin'])
transaction_hash = contract.deploy(transaction={'from': w3.eth.accounts[0]})
transaction_receipt = w3.eth.waitForTransactionReceipt(transaction_hash)
# Interact with the contract
contract_instance = w3.eth.contract(address=transaction_receipt.contractAddress, abi=contract_interface['abi'])
current_message = contract_instance.functions.message().call()
print("Current message:", current_message)
This is it. You have created your own blockchain app. Let me know if you have any questions or faced any trouble.
Checkout our previous post of generative agents by clicking on continue icon.
This post is about the generative agents and how they have evolved and are evolving. Throughout the history of AI, people have been fascinated with the prospect of interacting with AI agents. Traditionally, interactions have been restricted to short time horizons and individual conversations such as with ELIZA or the Turing test. The rise of large language models (LLMs) has made it easier to develop persona-based bots (with ChatGPT or Character.ai, for instance) that have a consistent personality but these bots similarly adhere to the persona one conversation at a time.
At the same time, we have already seen glimpses of LLM-powered world-building in applications such as AI dungeon. While it is possible to interact with non-player characters and events in text adventures, characters only exist in relation to the player. What does it take then to generate a world where agents pursue their own goals and objectives regardless of player input? It turns out, LLMs (+ a game engine) are all you need—at least for the small town sandbox created by Park et al. in Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior.
In the paper, Park et al. simulate a population of 25 LLM agents in a The Sims-like sandbox environment. Each agent consists of a one-paragraph natural language description depicting its identity and multiple components, each enabled by a LLM (ChatGPT)
Memory and retrieval. A memory stream records events perceived by the agent (with a natural language description, event timestamp, and most recent access timestamp). A retriever retrieves a set of memory objects using a query description based on three factors:
recency (based on exponential decay since the memory was last retrieved);
importance (the LLM assigns an importance score based on the memory’s description);
and relevance (based on embedding similarity with the query).
It is nice to see the return of explicit memory mechanisms, similar in spirit to the key-value memory of Neural Turing Machines and later work. An advantage of this type of memory is interpretability: The contents of the memory of each agent are human-readable and can be inspected at every point in time.
Reflection. Beyond simply remembering past events, an agent should be able to reflects on its experiences and generate higher-level thoughts. To this end, the LLM is queried using the 100 most recent memory records and asked to suggest 3 high-level questions to ask about the subjects in the memory records. For each question, memory records are then retrieved and the model is asked to generate high-level insights based on the retrieved records. The generated insights are then added to the memory, enabling the agent to recursively generate higher-level observations about prior reflections.
A reflection tree for Klaus Mueller. Reflections such as “Klaus Mueller is dedicated to research” are generated based on observations from the memory and can be generated recursively based on prior reflections.
Planning and reacting. To plan what an agent does each day, the authors generate a plan for each day recursively by first generating a rough sketch based on the agent’s description and a summary of their previous day. The LLM decomposes the plan then first into hour-long and again into 5–15 minute chunks.
2 During the day, the LLM is prompted with the perceived observations to decide if and how it should react to a situation. If a reaction is to engage in dialogue with another agent, then the LLMs generate the utterances conditioned on their memories about each other and the previous dialogue history.
LLMs are truly ubiquitous in this work: They are used for retrieval, to assign importance to memories, to suggest what to reflect on, to generate insights, to convert actions to emojis, to generate plans and dialogue, etc. Even the game environment itself is powered by LLMs: In order to determine the appropriate location for each action, the LLM is queried recursively. When an agent executes an action on an object, the LLM is asked about the state of the object. If anything, this demonstrates the versatility of current models.
It is sobering that as a field, we are at a point where many elements of a complex ML agent stack can be replaced with an LLM and an appropriately worded prompt. Most of the above use cases required training a specialized system not long ago, from producing descriptions and explanations of video game actions (Ehsan et al., 2019) to mapping from text to emoji (Eisner et al., 2016). Of course, it will be useful to specialize the model to improve performance for specific use cases such as retrieval or dialogue. While the authors ablate each of the above three components via a human evaluation, I am missing a more fine-grained analysis that highlights for which use cases the LLM is most brittle, which can inform future investigations.
It is unsurprising that the project in its current form costs thousands of dollars to run just with 25 agents. With smaller open-source models, the costs should drop dramatically. The code for the framework in the paper can be found here. Inspired by the paper, researchers from Andreessen Horowitz also made available AI Town, an MIT-licensed starter kit for building and customizing your own virtual town populated by AI characters.
AI Town, an open-source framework for building virtual towns populated by AI agents.
The paper acts as a blueprint of how a framework of AI agents interacting may look like. It is worth pointing out that current models have a range of biases and may exhibit other forms of undesirable behavior that require further study. Nevertheless, there are compelling research directions in the area of multi-agent LLM systems:
Emergent communication. The emergence of communicative behavior between AI agents has been mainly studied using simple reference games (Chaabouni et al., 2022). What can richer simulated environments tell us about how agents learn to communicate? Can we simulate emergent communication in other settings such as across different languages?
Nature of human behavior and social interaction. Can we study factors involved in other types of higher-level behavior such as planning, organization, co-operation, collaboration, and deception?
Multi-modal environments. Can we extend environments to incorporate audio and visual inputs and assess how these additional modalities affect the agents’ behavior?
The expressiveness of simulations. What kind of methods are necessary to simulate even richer interactions? What model scale and capabilities would be necessary to simulate agents and events at the scale of our world?
🏛 Forums for Foundation Models
There was some discussion on Twitter recently about initiating a new conference dedicated specifically to LLMs. LLMs are an interesting technology because they are at the intersection of many different areas of computer science and society including NLP and ML, human-computer interaction, ethics, law, government, education, etc.
So far, work on LLMs has been published in a range of different venues. Much of the foundational work on LLMs (for example, ELMo, ULMFiT, BERT) has been published in NLP (*ACL) conferences, which remain the most topically relevant venue.
The NLP community has studied topics, which are of increasing importance for LLMs, such as automatic evaluation of generative models (Gehrmann et al., 2022) for decades. Recently, researchers have taken issue with the anonymity period but there are initiatives to rethink it.
The above venues mainly cater to a computer science audience. As LLMs are increasingly used in user-facing applications, work on LLMs is also published in venues associated with other areas such as the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology for the paper in the previous section. Given the societal impact of LLMs, it is thus important for any venue to enable an inter-disciplinary dialogue that ensures LLMs are developed in a safe, responsible, and user-appropriate manner.
Besides where to publish, the other issue is who can publish. At the moment, much of the work on LLMs is conducted by labs with large compute budgets. For the previous generation of pre-trained models, an entire array of papers from a diverse range of institutions focused on gaining a better understanding of them.
Such work is needed for the latest generation of large models but is currently prohibitive for many labs. With the release of new powerful open-source models such as Llama-2 combined with better methods for compute-efficient inference, we are heading in a promising direction, however.
The broader family of LLMs that can learn to act and use auxiliary modules is known as augmented language models. We will discuss these more in-depth in the next edition.
We have also recently seen plans in other areas such as summarization where question-answer pairs have been used as intermediate representation for conditional generation (Narayan et al., 2022), for instance.
Submitted papers are not allowed to be posted, updated, or discussed online from 1 month before the submission deadline until the time of notification (around 4 months in total).
However, a focus on a specific architecture (and a name associated with a specific model family) may be potentially restrictive in the future.
This area of study has been commonly referred to as BERTology.
Checkout our previous post of how to fix blank screen issue on Android by clicking on continue icon
Lately, we came across an issue with our Android device running on Android 11. Our device was unable to start and kept displaying a blank screen, whether it was white or black. We proceeded with some troubleshooting steps and eventually managed to resolve the problem with the blank screen. Sometimes, these types of issues can be more intricate to tackle, and in this article, we will discuss some effective methods to address blank screen problems on Android.
Blank Screen Glitch
A notable problem on an Android device that leads to the screen turning black and the device becoming unresponsive is referred to as the “black screen of death.” This can happen due to various reasons, such as power or battery issues, software glitches, hardware malfunctions, or conflicts with third-party apps. This concept of a “black screen of death” on Android is akin to the “blue screen of death” (BSoD) seen on Windows PCs, which signifies a critical system problem.
Android devices experiencing the “black screen of death” may not react to inputs from the power button, touchscreen, volume buttons, or other controls. Moreover, the device might not power on, restart, or show any signs of life. This issue can indeed be quite frustrating.
Identifying Problems and Applying Manual Fixes
Display Anomaly
The issue might not necessarily lie with the phone itself, but with the LCD or OLED screen. If your mobile screen sometimes goes black or if you can still hear system sounds despite the screen turning black, it’s plausible that the screen component is malfunctioning. The best course of action is to have it checked at a repair center.
Battery Concerns (External and Built-in)
A black screen on an Android phone typically arises from a lack of power reaching the screen or the entire device. Charging the phone is the most likely solution, as it needs power to function properly.
Although it may seem evident, some phones won’t show signs of life until they’ve been charging for a while. If the battery is significantly drained and hasn’t been charged for some time, it might take considerable time for enough voltage to accumulate and initiate the phone’s startup. Therefore, if you connect the charger and don’t see any response immediately, wait at least 30 minutes and then check if the charging indicator eventually appears.
It’s also possible that your adapter or charging cable is faulty. To eliminate this possibility, test them both with a different device or use an alternative USB cable and adapter with your phone. Confirm the condition of the phone’s charging port as well. It could be damaged or require cleaning.
In rare cases, it’s conceivable that the phone’s power management circuits or battery itself are malfunctioning. In such instances, unless the battery is replaceable, you’ll need to consult a specialist for assessment.
Trojan Scan (Security Check)
On occasion, running a virus scan on an Android smartphone experiencing the black screen of death can be helpful. Malware can cause various issues, including a black screen or unresponsiveness. Additionally, certain malware can disrupt the device’s proper boot process, leading to crashes or freezes.
Using security apps designed to detect and remove malware is one way to check for malware on an Android smartphone. You can utilize the Avast app from the Google Play Store to scan for malware and remove any detected threats.
Apply System Update
Your black screen problem might stem from the Android OS itself, whether due to recent updates or persistent issues. Check for and install the latest Android firmware. It’s important to note that the latest version of Android your phone supports might not necessarily be the most recent version available, depending on your phone’s make and model. Unlike iOS, most Android phone manufacturers don’t provide software updates for extended periods, although newer Samsung phones and some others are extending their update commitments.
Eradicate Suspicious Apps
Updating apps to their latest versions can sometimes rectify errors leading to the black screen issue. Developers frequently release updates to address bugs and enhance app performance. Updating apps can address flaws and prevent the occurrence of the black screen.
If the black screen problem begins after installing a new app, try uninstalling it to see if the issue resolves. Occasionally, a newly installed app can interfere with the phone’s operating system or other applications, triggering a black screen. In some cases, uninstalling and reinstalling the app might solve the problem by addressing any issues resulting from a problematic installation or update.
Reboot into Safe Mode
Booting your smartphone in safe mode can help identify the problematic app. In safe mode, you can use the phone without third-party applications running. If the black screen doesn’t appear in safe mode, you can be confident that a third-party app is causing the issue. To identify the specific app causing the problem, you can enable apps one by one.
“Safe mode” is a diagnostic mode available on Android devices that allows access using only the factory drivers and software that came with the device. The steps to boot into safe mode might vary, but here’s a general outline:
Press and hold your device’s power button until the power menu appears. Alternatively, on certain phones like Samsung Galaxy devices, swipe down the notification shade and tap the power icon.
Continue holding down the power button.
A dialogue window will appear, asking if you want to restart in safe mode.
Confirm by selecting “OK” to restart in safe mode.
Exclude Custom Kernels
The black screen of death, along with other glitches, can be triggered by custom ROMs and kernels because they might introduce compatibility issues with the device’s hardware or software.
Custom ROMs are modified versions of the stock software on a device. These ROMs could feature changes or additional functionalities compared to the original software. If a modified ROM doesn’t mesh well with the device’s hardware or software, it can result in a BSOD.
The kernel of an operating system, responsible for communication between hardware and software, is a central component. Incompatibility issues with the current operating system can arise from custom kernels, potentially leading to black screens or other problems. Improperly installed custom ROMs or kernels can also lead to these issues.
Clean Cache Partition Data
Clearing the cache partition is a step in the troubleshooting process for Android devices. The cache partition holds temporary files, including app data and system files. These files can become corrupted or outdated, causing device problems.
Steps to clear the cache partition on an Android device typically involve:
Power off the device.
Depending on your phone model, use the designated recovery mode shortcut. For instance, some models might require pressing and holding the Home button.
Wait for the Android system recovery screen to appear.
Use volume buttons to highlight “wipe cache partition,” then press the power button to select it.
Confirm by selecting “yes” and pressing the power button.
Once the process is complete, select “Restart System Now” and press the power button to reboot the device.
Clearing the cache partition won’t erase personal data, but it can help with issues like app freezes or crashes. The specifics might vary depending on your phone, but this is the general procedure.
That concludes our discussion for now. These are the main methods to address the blank screen issue. If the problem persists after trying the above steps, consider flashing your device with the latest firmware.
Checkout our previous post of how to build web app for free by clicking on continue icon
Hallo everyone. This is the first post where I will be sharing you about how you can publish your own web app for free with almost zero coding knowledge (you would need some) and without any cost. Web app is very easy to built and with the advent of chat GPT, it is more than easier now. First thing first, you should have following things or account with you if you are planning to follow along:
You can follow this on either windows, mac or Linux. Visual Studio is the platform which allows you to run codes and all those things which we don’t know. Visual Studio will be the platform. You can create GitHub account so that you can upload your code in the GitHub repository (just a fancy word). It is just like creating an Instagram account. Streamlit is the main site which will be used to publish your web app. Streamlit will look into your GitHub account for the code and publish that app. So all we need now is idea and how to code. That’s where chatGPT comes in. Let’s begin the journey to publish your own web app for free.
Setting up Prerequisite
Just a heads up to see if you have everything installed.
Sign up would be easy but most problem will come when you try to install Visual Studio Code. After downloading the VS code, you need to install python IDE and other libraries. Fortunately, you can follow along this tutorial from VS code to setup. This might be frustrating if you are new to this but after this, rest of the things will be easier and you will like it there.
Also, if you are finally not able to install and work with VS code then just copy the python code to your GitHub account. No need for VS Code too. It is needed to make sure that your code is running fine and the UI is as you desire. Google Colab is fully online and doesn’t need installation if you still want to run the python code.
Using AI to give code for Streamlit based web app
Now, you can open your chat GPT and type the following prompt.
Prompt:
can you give me a streamlit code for a web app to visualize iris dataset
import streamlit as st
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
# Set the title of the web app
st.title("Iris Dataset Visualization")
# Load the Iris dataset
iris = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mwaskom/seaborn-data/master/iris.csv")
# Sidebar with options
st.sidebar.header("Visualization Options")
plot_type = st.sidebar.selectbox("Select plot type:", ["Pair Plot", "Scatter Plot", "Histogram"])
# Visualize based on user selection
if plot_type == "Pair Plot":
st.subheader("Pair Plot")
hue_option = st.sidebar.checkbox("Color by species")
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
if hue_option:
plt.scatter(iris['sepal_length'], iris['sepal_width'], c=iris['species'].astype('category').cat.codes, cmap='viridis')
else:
plt.scatter(iris['sepal_length'], iris['sepal_width'], cmap='viridis')
plt.xlabel("Sepal Length")
plt.ylabel("Sepal Width")
plt.title("Scatter Plot")
plt.colorbar(label="Species")
st.pyplot()
elif plot_type == "Scatter Plot":
st.subheader("Scatter Plot")
x_axis = st.sidebar.selectbox("Select X-axis feature:", iris.columns[:-1])
y_axis = st.sidebar.selectbox("Select Y-axis feature:", iris.columns[:-1])
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
plt.scatter(iris[x_axis], iris[y_axis], c=iris['species'].astype('category').cat.codes, cmap='viridis')
plt.xlabel(x_axis.capitalize())
plt.ylabel(y_axis.capitalize())
plt.title("Scatter Plot")
plt.colorbar(label="Species")
st.pyplot()
elif plot_type == "Histogram":
st.subheader("Histogram")
selected_feature = st.sidebar.selectbox("Select a feature:", iris.columns[:-1])
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
plt.hist(iris[selected_feature], bins=20, edgecolor="k")
plt.xlabel(selected_feature.capitalize())
plt.ylabel("Frequency")
plt.title("Histogram")
st.pyplot()
This was pretty simple and such codes run as well. No need to verify it. The only problem is if you want to build something cool web app for free then you need to learn python and the libraries.
I hope you have your GitHub account and Streamlit account ready. Nothing more is needed now.
Uploading web app content to GitHub
This is the second last stage. In this step, just copy the code above and create a text file. Change the name of text file to app.py. You can use notepad.
After you have created a python file, next thing to do is upload it to GitHub. Go to repository and create a new repo by clicking new. Name it something you like. I have named it Streamlit Demo.
After this, you will see something like below:
You should keep it public for now. No need to do anything more. Publish it.
You might see a lot of words now, ignore it.
Now, upload app.py file here by selecting uploading an existing file. (Tip: You even don’t need to create app.py in the beginning, you can create in the GitHub as well, just forgot about this feature)
One last thing now, Streamlit requires you to mention the library you are using so that it can install somewhere (guess) so that our web app can be hosted. Create requirements.txt file with following lines directly in GitHub.
matplotlib
pandas
Now, all set with GitHub.
Hosting web app for free with Streamlit
There are tons of other platform but Streamlit has provided its own cloud based platform for free. There are limits though. Later you might want to switch to Heroku. After you have your streamlit account, follow this link.
Select new app here.
Now, select paste github URL and paste your github repo link you created above. The link should be of app.py.
You can even name the URL. I named it demostream. Make sure to replace URL. I have not shown my username there! Click on deploy and you got your web app!!
I have not explained what IRIS dataset it, what python libraries are and many things. Let me know if you faced any difficulty or want anything to learn. Will be happy to help.
Also, I have made some other web apps using the same. Here is face recognition and detection app. It can detect similar faces in videos and cluster them together and visualize them. You can also download the grouped faces in zipped file after the process.
After a few weeks break, we are back with another tech post related to Artificial Intelligence (AI). In this post, we will cover some of the best ways in which you can generate images using artificial intelligence for free. Most of us are probably familiar with recent growth of artificial intelligence in the past few months. Let’s start the post with some introduction to what artificial intelligence is and can it be trusted for generating online copyright free images. First section is the brief intro into AI and then how to create images using AI have been discussed.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the replication of human intelligence in devices that have been designed to reason and acquire knowledge similarly to humans. It is a vast area of computer science that focuses on developing intelligent machines that can carry out operations like problem-solving, judgment, language comprehension, and pattern recognition that ordinarily need human intellect.
Are AI generated images copyright protected?
AI-generated image copyright protection is a nuanced and developing topic of law. Although copyright rules typically assign authorship and ownership to human creators, there is some disagreement about whether AI-generated works can qualify for copyright protection. Their copyright status is heavily influenced by elements like the degree of human engagement in the creation process and the uniqueness of the created images. The extent to which AI systems can autonomously produce copyrighted works is still a matter of debate in law and ethics, and different countries may have different laws and regulations.
How To Create Images using Text (AI)
There are top 3 tools which we’ve used personally and would like to suggest here. Those 2 tools were one of the best 3 tools we have ever used compared to other free AI tools. So without wasting any time, lets start with the first AI image generator tool known as Bing Image Creator.
Bing Image Creator
Here is the step by step tutorial on how you can create free AI images using Bing Image Creator.
Log in and respond to the prompt. The “Surprise Me” button also allows you to select a prompt from a list of previously created prompts.
Watch for the creation of your image.
See, download, and distribute your pictures.
If necessary, type your prompt again.
See that was simple. You just have to open the Bing Image Creator tool and sign up to create your account for saving your interaction history. After signing up, you’re free to create images using Bing Image Creator.
DALL-E 2
Another free best AI image generator tool is DALL-E 2 by OpenAI. It is one of the fastest among the list and offer unlimited image creation. Here is the step by step tutorial on how you can use DALL-E 2 by OpenAI to create free images.
Click the “Try DALL-E” button to register on the DALL-E 2 website from OpenAI.
After registering, you can start creating images using text by simply logging in.
In the search box, enter a particular phrase.
Make your own image and edit it.
your photo to save and distribute.1
To give you a demo, here are few images I have created using DALL-E. I have made my channel logo and some football and sports one as well. There are cats dancing too!
Dream by WOMBO
Dream by WOMBO is another great AI tool to generate free images. It mostly focuses on arts but can also create images based on text. Here is the step by step tutorial on how to create images using Dream by WOMBO.
Go to the website for producing artwork and enter the desired image’s description there.
Select the desired style by descending the Art Style window.
To magnify a certain image, click the double-arrow.
Download or share a picture.
That’s it. You don’t even have to have any premium accounts or logins to create images using Dream by WOMBO.
Let us know which is your favourite tool and why so we can use it to improve our contents. You can also subscribe our mailing list for daily dose of fresh and unique unbiased content.
Checkout our previous post of how to remotely access a pc by Android by clicking on continue icon
This article will discuss Free Fire and Free Fire Max. Details on both Free Fire and Free Fire Max Mod may be found in the post. We’ll also talk about these games’ most recent features. Start with the introduction, please.
Free Fire Original
Fast-paced combat, several game modes, and a wealth of customizability options make Free Fire an exhilarating battle royale experience. You can put your skills to the test, make a game plan, and engage in action-packed conflicts with other players in Free Fire in an effort to be the last person remaining. The game enables players to sharpen their talents by encouraging teamwork and fair play.
Free Fire Max
Free Fire Max improves on the Free Fire gameplay experience with greater views, richer graphics, and an immersive environment. The same thrilling battle royale gameplay from Free Fire Max might be available with better graphics and smoother performance. The stunning graphics, lifelike effects, and intricate sceneries of the game further immerse you in the gaming world. Free Fire Max provides a better gaming experience for people who need the highest graphics and visual quality from their games.
Free Fire & Free Fire Max VIP
For Free Fire & Free Fire Max, a customized version of the game known as a “mod menu” provides additional features and functionalities not found in the original game. Through a mod menu, users can access various cheats, hacks, and customization options, giving them an advantage over other players. These advantages might include things like aimbots, wallhacks, endless resources, and other features.
Using the mod menu can substantially alter the Free Fire gaming experience. Auto-aiming and seeing through barriers are examples of enhanced abilities that unfairly favor one player over another. Furthermore, mod menus frequently offer infinite in-game resources, enabling players to freely acquire items and advancements.
Features of Free Fire & Free Fire Max VIP
Aimbot: The Aimbot function allows you to automatically aim at your opponents, making it easier to win.
Wallhack: The Wallhack function, which allows you to see through barriers, makes it easier to spot enemies and avoid hazards.
Unlimited Ammo: The Free Fire Mod eliminates the concern of running out of ammo.
In God Mode, you become untouchable, making it impossible for enemies to hurt you.
No Grass: This feature allows you to see your surroundings clearly by eliminating any grass from the map.
No Fog: By selecting this option, the map is fog-free, allowing you to see clearly all around you.
Super Speed: The Speed function makes you move more quickly, allowing you to move quickly and avoid enemy attacks.
No Recoil: The No Recoil feature makes it easier to direct your aim by removing recoil from your guns.
No Spread: The No Spread feature makes it easier to hit your targets by eliminating spread from your weapons.
How To Install Free Fire & Free Fire Max
Look for a Reputable Source: To find a trustworthy source, look for a reputable website or online community that sells Free Fire game mods. Make sure the source is reliable to avoid downloading any dangerous files or endangering the security of your device.
Activate the mod here: Locate the specific Free Fire mod file you want to install. The most popular file type used to distribute mods is APK (Android Package) files.
You are installing a mod outside of the official app store, thus your device needs to allow installation of programs from unknown sources. In the Security or Privacy section of your device’s settings, enable the “Unknown Sources” option.
Using a file manager program, locate the modded APK file on your device in order to install the modified APK. Tap on the file to launch the installation process. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.
Following successful installation, the Free Fire icon ought to show up on your device’s home screen or app drawer, enabling you to start the modified game. Tap the icon to launch the hacked version of the game.